ulwazi

Ukuvikelwa kwe-Cathodic kuyindlela ebalulekile esetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwezakhiwo zensimbi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezichayeka ezindaweni ezinonya. Enhliziyweni yale ndlela yokuvikela kukhona ingxenye ebalulekile: i Ipuleti le-anode elixubile le-Metal oxide (MMO).. Lawa ma-electrode athuthukile adlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokuvikela i-cathodic, avikele ngempumelelo izinsimbi ekuwohlokeni. Kulo mhlahlandlela obanzi, sizohlola ukusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamapuleti e-MMO anode kanye nokubaluleka kwawo ezinhlelweni zokuvikela i-cathodic.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa amapuleti e-MMO anode ngaphezu kwe-anode yendabuko?

Amapuleti e-anode e-Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) aguqule umkhakha wokuvikelwa kwe-cathodic, anikeza izinzuzo eziningi kuzinto zendabuko ze-anode njenge-graphite, i-high-silicon cast iron, noma i-titanium ehlanganiswe ne-platinum. Lezi zinzuzo zisuka ekwakhiweni kwazo okuyingqayizivele kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezithuthukile, okuzenza zidume kakhulu ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ze Amapuleti e-MMO anode ukuqina kwazo okuyingqayizivele nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ngokungafani nama-anode avamile angase awone ngokushesha ezindaweni ezinolaka, ama-anode e-MMO angakwazi ukumelana nezimo ezinzima isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuqina kubangelwa ukunamathela kwazo okuzinzile kwe-oxide, okuvamise ukwakhiwa ngezinsimbi eziyigugu njenge-iridium, i-ruthenium, noma i-tantalum oxides ku-titanium substrate. Imvelo eqinile yalezi zembatho iqinisekisa ukuthi ama-anode e-MMO agcina ukusebenza kwawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kunciphisa kakhulu isidingo sokushintshwa njalo kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa.

Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yamapuleti e-MMO anode ukusebenza kahle kwawo kukagesi. Lawa ma-anode akhombisa amazinga okusetshenziswa aphansi ngokumangazayo, okusho ukuthi angaletha okukhiphayo okuphezulu kwamanje kuyilapho elahlekelwa izinto ezibonakalayo. Lesi sici asigcini nje ngokunikela esikhathini sabo sempilo ende kodwa futhi siqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguquguquki nokuthembekile kokuvikela i-cathodic. I-conductivity ephezulu kagesi ye-MMO anode ivumela ukusatshalaliswa kwamanje okuphumelelayo, okuholela ekuvikelweni okungcono okuphelele kwesakhiwo esiqondiwe.

Amapuleti e-anode e-MMO nawo anikeza ukuguquguquka okuhle kakhulu ngokuya ngomklamo nokusetshenziswa. Angakhiqizwa ngezinhlobo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa induku, ishubhu, amafomu anezikhala, kanye neribhoni, okuvumela izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuze zivumelane nezidingo ezithile zephrojekthi. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kwenza ama-anode e-MMO alungele uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokuvikela i-cathodic, kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwezinga elincane kuya ekufakweni kwezimboni ezinkulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapuleti e-MMO anode anomthelela ophansi kwezemvelo uma kuqhathaniswa nama-anode endabuko. Amazinga abo okusetshenziswa aphansi asho ukuthi impahla encane ikhishwa endaweni ezungezile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukwengeza, ukungabi bikho kwemikhiqizo eyingozi ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenza ama-anode e-MMO abe ukukhetha okuvumelana nemvelo ezinhlelweni zokuvikela i-cathodic.

Ukuzinza kwe-dimensional Amapuleti e-MMO anode kungenye inzuzo ephawulekayo. Ngokungafani namanye ama-anode avamile angase ashintshe umumo noma usayizi njengoba egqwala, ama-anode e-MMO agcina isimo sawo kukho konke ukuphila kwawo kokusebenza. Lokhu kuzinza kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguquki futhi kwenza ukuklama nokunakekelwa kwezinhlelo zokuvikela i-cathodic zibe lula.

Okokugcina, amapuleti e-anode e-MMO anikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokwedlula, into lapho ungqimba oluvikelayo lwakha endaweni ye-anode, okungenzeka lunciphise ukusebenza kwalo. Ukwakheka okuhlukile kwama-anode e-MMO kusiza ukuvimbela le nkinga, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ngisho nasezimweni eziyinselele.

Kafushane, izinzuzo zokusebenzisa amapuleti e-MMO anode ngaphezu kwe-anode yendabuko zifaka ukuqina okuphakeme, ukusebenza kahle kukagesi okuthuthukisiwe, ukuguquguquka kwedizayini, ubungane bemvelo, ukuzinza kwe-dimensional, kanye nokumelana ne-passivation. Lezi zinzuzo zenze ama-anode e-MMO kwaba ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwezicelo eziningi zokuvikela i-cathodic, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini lapho ukuthembeka nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside kubalulekile.

Ukwakhiwa kwamapuleti e-MMO anode kuwuthinta kanjani ukusebenza kwawo?

Ukwakhiwa kwamapuleti e-anode e-Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukusebenza kwawo kanye nempumelelo ezinhlelweni zokuvikela i-cathodic. Ukuqonda ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kokwakheka kwe-anode nezici zayo zokusebenza kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe imiklamo yokuvikela i-cathodic kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuvikela ukugqwala okuhlala isikhathi eside, okusebenzayo.

Emgogodleni wepuleti ye-anode ye-MMO kune-substrate, ngokuvamile eyenziwe nge-titanium. I-Titanium ikhethwa ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu kanye nezakhiwo ezingasindi, ihlinzeka ngesisekelo esizinzile sokumboza okusebenzayo. Indima ye-substrate ukugcina ubuqotho besakhiwo se-anode futhi isebenze njengomsabalalisi wamanje, iqinisekisa ukugeleza kwamanje okufanayo kuyo yonke indawo ye-anode.

Ukhiye ekusebenzeni okukhethekile kwe Amapuleti e-MMO anode ilele ezembeni lazo elisebenzayo. Lokhu kunamathela kuyinhlanganisela eklanywe ngokucophelela yama-oxide ensimbi, ngokuyinhloko ahlanganisa izinsimbi eziyigugu njenge-iridium (Ir), i-ruthenium (Ru), ne-tantalum (Ta). Ukwakheka okukhethekile kwalolu ungqimba lwe-oxide kwenzelwa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene nendawo.

I-Iridium oxide (IrO2) ivamise ukuba yingxenye eyinhloko ye-MMO enamathelayo ngenxa yokuzinza kwayo okuvelele kanye namandla aphansi okuguquguquka komoyampilo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-IrO2 ingakwazi ukwenza kube lula ukusabela kwe-anodic (imvamisa ukufakwa kwe-oxidation kwamanzi ukuze akhe umoya-mpilo) ngokulahleka kwamandla okuncane. Ukuba khona kwe-iridium ekujikeni kunomthelela omkhulu esikhathini eside sempilo ye-anode nokusebenza okungaguquki.

I-Ruthenium oxide (RuO2) ingesinye isakhi esivamile embotsheni ye-MMO. Inikeza izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-catalytic kanye ne-conductivity ephezulu, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kukagesi okuphelele kwe-anode. I-Ruthenium oxide isebenza ngokuvumelana ne-iridium oxide, ithuthukisa ikhono le-anode lokusabalalisa okwamanje ngokulinganayo futhi igcine ukusebenza kwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-Tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) ivamise ukufakwa ezimbotsheni ze-MMO ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kwe-anode ezindaweni ezinolaka kakhulu. I-Tantalum oxide inikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ku-substrate ye-titanium engaphansi, ivimbela ukuxutshwa kwayo futhi iqinisekise ubude besikhathi sesakhiwo se-anode.

Izilinganiso eziqondile zalawa ma-oxide ensimbi ekugcokeni kulawulwa ngokucophelela phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza. Le bhalansi ibalulekile ekunqumeni izici zokusebenza ze-anode. Isibonelo, ukukhulisa ingxenye ye-iridium oxide kungathuthukisa ukuqina kwe-anode nokumelana nokugqokwa, kuyilapho okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-ruthenium oxide kungathuthukisa umsebenzi wayo we-catalytic kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamanje.

Ugqinsi lwe-MMO coating nalo ludlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-anode. Ukujiya okujiyile ngokuvamile kuholela ekuphileni okude kodwa kungase kuthinte izici zikagesi ze-anode. Abakhiqizi kufanele balinganise phakathi kogqinsi lwe-coating kanye nokusebenza kahle kukagesi ukuze bathuthukise ukusebenza kwakho konke kwe-anode.

Ukwakheka kwamapuleti e-MMO anode nakho kunomthelela ekuziphatheni kwawo kuma-electrolyte ahlukene. Isibonelo, ezinye izingoma ze-MMO zidizayinelwe ukuthi zisebenze kahle ezindaweni ezinothe nge-chloride, njengamanzi olwandle, kanti ezinye zingathuthukiswa ukuze zisetshenziswe emanzini ahlanzekile noma ekufakweni komhlabathi. Lokhu kuzivumelanisa nezimo kuvumela ukukhethwa kokwakheka kwe-MMO okufanele kakhulu ngezidingo ezithile zephrojekthi.

Esinye isici sokwakheka kwe-anode ye-MMO esithinta ukusebenza inqubo yokukhiqiza ngokwayo. Amasu, njengokubola okushisayo, asetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa i-oxide coating ku-substrate ye-titanium. Indlela ekhethiwe ingaba nomthelela ekubambeleleni kwe-coating, ukufana, kanye ne-microstructure, konke okunikela ekusebenzeni kukonke nokuqina kwe-anode.

Ukuqanjwa kwe Amapuleti e-MMO anode futhi kunomthelela ekumelaneni kwabo nokungazweli kanye nokwenza kabi. Izinhlanganisela ezithile ze-oxide zisebenza kangcono ekumelaneni nokwakheka kwezingqimba ezivikelayo endaweni ye-anode, engakhinyabeza ukusebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kumelana ne-passivation kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-anode igcina ukusebenza kwayo kuyo yonke impilo yayo yokusebenza.

Sengiphetha, ukwakheka kwamapuleti e-MMO anode kuyisici esibalulekile ekunqumeni ukusebenza kwawo ezinhlelweni zokuvikela i-cathodic. Ukukhethwa ngokucophelela nokulinganisela kwama-oxide ensimbi, kuhlanganiswe ne-titanium substrate, kubangela ama-anode anikeza ukuqina okuphakeme, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuqonda kanye nokwenza kahle ukwakheka kwama-anode e-MMO, onjiniyela bangaklama amasistimu okuvikela ama-cathodic asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ahlala isikhathi eside, ekugcineni anikeze isivikelo esingcono ngokumelene nokugqwala kwezinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo zensimbi.

Yiziphi izici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho uklama uhlelo lokuvikela i-cathodic olunamapuleti e-MMO anode?

Ukuklama isistimu yokuvikela i-cathodic ephumelelayo kusetshenziswa amapuleti e-anode e-Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezici ezihlukahlukene ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle, ukuphila isikhathi eside, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Onjiniyela nezingcweti zokugqwala kufanele bacabangele uhla lwamapharamitha anomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwesistimu kanye nekhono lalo lokunikeza ukuvikeleka okuphelele esakhiweni esiqondiwe.

Enye yezinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe indawo lapho uhlelo lokuvikela i-cathodic luzosebenza khona. Izindawo ezihlukene zinikeza izinselelo eziyingqayizivele ezingathinta ukusebenza kwe Amapuleti e-MMO anode. Isibonelo, ezinhlelweni zasolwandle, okuqukethwe kwe-chloride ephezulu kanye namazinga ahlukahlukene osawoti kungaba nomthelela ekuziphatheni nasekuphileni isikhathi eside kwe-anode. Ngokuphambene, amasistimu asekelwe emhlabathini angase adinge ukulandisa ngokuhlukahluka kokumelana nenhlabathi nokuqukethwe komswakama. Ukuqonda lezi zici zemvelo kubalulekile ekukhetheni ukwakheka kwe-anode ye-MMO efanele kanye nokuklama isistimu engakwazi ukumelana nezinselele ezithile zendawo yokusebenza.

Ubukhulu kanye nejiyomethri yesakhiwo okufanele sivikelwe kudlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokuklama. Izakhiwo ezinkulu noma lezo ezinamajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi zingadinga ukufakwa kwe-anode okuningi noma ukulungiselelwa okukhethekile kwe-anode ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwamanje. Onjiniyela kufanele abale ngokucophelela indawo ephelele edinga ukuvikelwa futhi banqume ukubekwa kahle kwamapuleti e-MMO anode ukuze bathole ukumbozwa okuphelele. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukusebenzisa imodeli yekhompuyutha namathuluzi okulingisa ukuze ubikezele amaphethini amanje okusabalalisa nokuhlonza izindawo ezingase zibe nokuvikelwa okunganele.

Izidingo zamanje zokuminyana zingesinye isici esibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zokuvikela i-cathodic kusetshenziswa amapuleti e-MMO anode. Ukuminyana kwamanje okudingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukuvikeleka okwanele kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezinto zesakhiwo, isimo saso, kanye nolaka lwendawo ezungezile. Abaklami kufanele abale inani eliphelele lokukhiphayo kwamanje elidingekayo futhi bakhethe ama-anode e-MMO anobukhulu obufanele nokwakheka ukuze bahlangabezane nalezi zidingo. Kubalulekile ukulinganisa isidingo sokuphuma okwanele kwamanje nokuphila isikhathi eside kwama-anode, njengoba ukuminyana okuphezulu kwamanje kungaholela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-anode ngokushesha.

Ukumelana nogesi kwe-electrolyte (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inhlabathi, amanzi, noma enye into) kuba nomthelela omkhulu ekuklanyweni kwesistimu yokuvikela i-cathodic. Ezimweni ezikwazi ukumelana kakhulu, ukuthola ukusatshalaliswa okwanele kwamanje kungaba yinselele futhi kungase kudinge ukusetshenziswa kwama-anode amaningi noma ama-voltage aphezulu okushayela. Ngokuphambene, ezindaweni ezingazweli kahle, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuze kugwenywe ukuvikeleka ngokweqile, okungaholela ezinkingeni ezifana nokufakwa kwe-hydrogen kwezinye izinto.

Isikhathi sokuphila esilindelekile sohlelo lokuvikela i-cathodic siwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile lapho uklama nge Amapuleti e-MMO anode. Ngenkathi lawa ma-anode aziwa ngokuphila kwawo isikhathi eside, umklamo kufanele ubhekane nokusetshenziswa kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Onjiniyela kufanele abale impilo ye-anode elindelwe ngokususelwe kulokho okulindelekile kwamanje nezimo zemvelo, baqinisekise ukuthi isistimu izohlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okwanele ngesikhathi esifiswayo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlela ukushintshwa kwe-anode ngezikhathi ezithile noma ukuhlanganisa ukuphinda kusetshenziswe ekwakhiweni kwesistimu.

Ukuphazamiseka kwezinye izakhiwo eziseduze noma amasistimu okuvikela ama-cathodic nawo kufanele kubhekwe. Imisinga elahlekile evela kusistimu eklanyelwe ingase isheshise ukugqwala ezindaweni ezingahlosiwe noma iphazamise ukufakwa kokuvikela kwe-cathodic okungomakhelwane. Abaklami kufanele bacabangele ukwakheka kwengqalasizinda ezungezile futhi basebenzise izinyathelo zokunciphisa noma yimiphi imithelela engemihle engaba khona, njengokusebenzisa amalunga ahlukanisayo noma ukubeka ngokucophelela i-anode.

Umthombo wamandla wesistimu yokuvikela i-cathodic ungenye into ebalulekile yokuklama. Amapuleti e-anode e-MMO angasetshenziswa kuzo zombili izinhlelo ze-anode zamanje ezihlaba umxhwele. Kumasistimu amanje ahlabeke umxhwele, ukukhethwa kwesilungisi esifanele noma ukunikezwa kwamandla kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphuma kwamanje okuzinzile nokulawulekayo. Izinto ezifana nezidingo ze-voltage, umthamo wamanje, kanye nesidingo samakhono okuqapha okukude kufanele kubhekwe lapho kucaciswa umthombo wamandla.

Izinhlelo zokuqapha nokulawula ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile zemiklamo yesimanje yokuvikela i-cathodic. Ukufakwa kwama-electrodes ayireferensi kanye namaphuzu okuqapha kuvumela ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kwesistimu futhi kwenza ukulungiswa kwenziwe njengoba kudingeka. Amasistimu okuqapha athuthukile angahlinzeka ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela ngamaleveli okuvikela, ukusebenza kwe-anode, nezimo zemvelo, enze ukunakekelwa okusebenzayo kanye nokwenza kahle kwesistimu yokuvikela i-cathodic.

Ukucatshangelwa kwezomnotho nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokuklama. Ngenkathi amapuleti e-anode e-MMO enikeza inani elihle kakhulu lesikhathi eside ngenxa yokuqina nokusebenza kahle kwawo, izindleko zawo zokuqala zingase zibe phezulu kunezinye izinto zendabuko ze-anode. Abaklami kufanele balinganisele ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangaphambili kanye nezinzuzo zesikhathi eside, kucatshangelwa izici ezifana nezimfuneko ezincishisiwe zokunakekela, ubude besikhathi besistimu enwetshiwe, nokusebenza kahle kokuvikela okuthuthukisiwe.

Okokugcina, ukuthobela imithetho kanye namazinga embonini kufanele kulandelwe lapho kwakhiwa amasistimu okuvikela ama-cathodic ngamapuleti e-MMO anode. Izimboni ezahlukene nezifunda zingase zibe nezidingo ezithile noma imihlahlandlela yezinhlelo zokuvikela i-cathodic. Abaklami kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi amasistimu abo ahlangabezana noma adlule lawa mazinga kuyilapho becubungula noma yimiphi imithetho yezemvelo ephathelene nokusetshenziswa nokulahlwa kwezinto ze-anode.

Sengiphetha, ukuklama uhlelo olusebenzayo lokuvikela i-cathodic usebenzisa Amapuleti e-MMO anode idinga indlela ebanzi ecabangela izici zendawo ezungezile, izici zesakhiwo, imingcele kagesi, ubude besistimu, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka, ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi, amandla okuqapha, izici zomnotho, kanye nokuthobela imithetho. Ngokuhlola ngokucophelela nokubhekana nalezi zici ezibalulekile, onjiniyela bangakha izinhlelo eziqinile nezisebenzayo zokuvikela i-cathodic ezihlinzeka ngokuvimbela ukugqwala okuhlala isikhathi eside kwezinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo nezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Uma unentshisekelo ngemikhiqizo ye-Xi'an Taijin New Energy & Materials Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., sicela uthinte yangbo@tjanode.com.

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